II – P U C CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT

II – P U C CHEMISTRY

I.METALLURGY;(6M)                                                                                                                                                     1.what is an Ellingham's diagram? What are its salient features?----5M

2.write a note on reducing property of carbon & CO.   ----3M

3.With a neat labeled diagram explain the extraction of cast iron  from calcined    ore? --- 5M*

4.State distribution law.Explain the separation of silver from argentiferrous lead?* --5M

5. Silver oxide (or HgO) is thermodynamically less stable . explain with the help of Ellingham's diagram.  --2M                                                                                                                   

II      INDUSTRIALLY IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS;(6M)

1)With a neat labeled diagram explain the manufacture of   a)ammonia by Haber's process----3M     b)sodium hydroxide by nelsons cell--4M*

 c)sulphuric acid by contact process--4M         d)potassium di chromate—4M

 2) How is conc. Sulphuric acid reacts with  a)PCl₅     b)HCOOH  ------2M

 3)How does potassium di chromate reacts with  a)KCl      b)KOH  ----2M

III.GROUP-18   NOBLE GASES;(3M)

1.Write the general electronic configuration of noble gases.------1M

2.Explain isolation of noble gases from air by Ramsay-Rayleigh's method.3M*

3. How is noble gases are separated from a mixture by Dewar charcoal adsorption method?--3M*

4. How is Xenon converted in to xenonhexafluoroplatinate?-----2M*

IV.d- BLOCK ELEMENTS;(3M)

1. Write the general electronic configuration of transition elements.

2.write the electronic configuration of   a)Cu  b)Cr  c)Fe-----1M

3.Give reason   a) d- block elements forms colored compounds.---2M*

                        b).  d- block elements forms complexes-----2M

V.COORDINATION COMPOUNDS;(8M)

1. What is a complex ion?   -----1M

2. Give an example for a  bidentate ligand.   ----1M

3.Explain   a)linkage isomerism  b)ionisation isomerism c)hydrate isomerism---2M*

4.write the postulates of Werner's theory.   ------3M*

5. calculate the EAN of  a)potassium ferro cyanide    b) cuprammonium sulphate

6. Explain sp³ hybridisation that takes place in Ni(CO)₄    ---4m*

7.Explain d²sp³ hybridisation that takes place in potassium ferro cyanide . --4M*

8. Explain dsp² hybridisation that takes place in  cuprammonium sulphate.--4M*

9.IUPAC nomenclature of a compound-----1M

      VI.CHEMICAL BONDING; ( 6M)

1. Write any four differences between bonding & anti bonding molecular orbitals.---2M

2. Write the molecular orbital electronic configuration of  a)Li₂  b)O₂  ----1M*

3. Account for the non existence of Helium molecule  ----2M*

4.On the basis of LCAO explain the formation of bonding & anti bonding

         molecular    orbitals.----4M

 5.Write the energy level diagram for formation of O₂ molecule  . calculate the               

            bond order. predict on magnetic property.------4M*

 6.What is a metallic bond?---1M

 7.Write a note on electron sea model.-----2M

    VII.CHEMICAL  KINETICS: (7M)

1.What is a   a) second order reaction . Give an ex. 

     b)pseudo unimolecular reaction . Give an ex.       c)zero order reaction . Give an ex. -----2M

2.Derive an expression for the rate constant of a first order reaction .---4M*

3.Show that k=0.693/t_1/2   -2M  *                           (+problems  for two marks )

4.Write the Arrhenius equation & explain the terms.---2M

5.What is meant by   a)threshold energy   b) energy of activation  ---1M

   VIII.ELECTROCHEMISTRY;

1. State Faraday's  a) first law of electrolysis  b) second law of electrolysis  ---2M

2. Write the assumptions of Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation .--4M*

3. Write the merits of Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation –2M

4 Write the limitations   of Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation –2M

5. Explain Brownsted -Lowry concept of an acid & a base with ex.---2M*

6. Explain Lewis concept of an acid & a base with ex.---2M*

7. Writing conjugate acid& base---1M*

8. Problems on PH  ---2M*

9.explain the buffer mechanism of   a)acetic acid – sodium acetate buffer solution    b)ammonium hydroxide- ammonium chloride  buffer solution ---3M*

10.what is common ion effect?---1M*

11.what is solubility product of a sparingly soluble salt?

12.Problems on solubility  (AB type, AB₂ type  and A₂B type  )----2M

13.what is standard hydrogen electrode? How it is constructed?-----4M*

14.what are the limitations of SHE?--2M*

15.explain the working of Daniel cell-----3M

16.problems on calculation of cell potentials  using single electrode potentials-2M

IX.THEORY OF DILUTE SOLUTION (5M)

1. What are colligative properties?---1M

2. Define the term

 a) vapor pressure  b)relative lowering of vapor pressure        c)osmotic pressure--2M

3.  State Raoults law.----2M

4. How is relative lowering of vapor pressure measured by Ostwald's – Walker dynamic method?*

X.CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS: (5M)

1.What is a) entropy  b)a spontaneous process?--1M

2. what is the unit of entropy?---1M

3.state second law of thermodynamics.--1M

4. what is Gibbs free energy?---1M

5. write the equation which relates standard  free energy change& equilibrium constant Kp---2M*           (+problems)*

6.what are the values of ΔH & ΔS for a non spontaneous process?

XI.  COLLOIDS: (4M)

1. Write any four differences between lyophilic & lyophobic sols.---2M

2. How is gold sol prepared by  Bredigs electric arc method?---2M

3.Explain   a)Tyndall effect   b)Brownian movement  c)electrophoresis  ---2M

4. state Hardy-Schulz rule.-----1M

5. what is gold no. ?

XII.SOLID STATE: (3M)

1. Distinguish between crystalline & amorphous solids  ---2m

2.what is    a) a unit cell   b)meant by co ordination no. of a crystalline solid  --1M

3.calculate the no. of particles per unit cell  in

a) body centered cube   

b) face centered cube ---2M

4.  what is meant by radius ratio ?

5. write the structure of  a) sodium chloride  b)cesium chloride---2M

XIII.CONCEPTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: (2M)

1. explain with example 

a)inductive effect  b)mesomeric effect  c)electromeric effect ----2M

XIV.SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY:  (4M)

1.How do you convert   a)methane to ethane ---2M        b)ethane to methane---4M*

                                     c)methanol to ethanol---4M*   d) ethanol to methanol---4M*

XV.ISOMERISM:(4M)

1.Explain optical isomerism with an example---2M

2.Explain geometrical isomerism with an example.---2M

 3. What is a chiral carbon atom ?      1M

XVI.HYDROCARBONS -2  (6M)

1. With the help of Bayer's strain theory explain the stability of cyclo alkanes -3M

2.Elucidate the structure of benzene.----4M

3. explain the mechanism of  a)halogenation      b) nitration                                                                                                    c)sulphonation                           d)Friedel crafts reaction -------4M*

4. Explain Sache-Mohrs theory of strain less rings----2M

XVII.HALO ALKANES:(4M)

1.Explain with example   a) wurtz reaction  b)wurtz- fittigs reaction ---2M

2. Explain SN1 mechanism   of hydrolysis of tertiary butyl bromide ---3M

3. Explain SN2 mechanism   of hydrolysis of  methyl bromide  ------3M

XVIII.ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN: (12M)

1. How is phenol manufactured by cumene  process?--2M

2. Explain   a) Kolbes reaction   b)Reimer-Tiemanns reaction—2M

3. Explain Aldol condensation with an example.---2M

4.Explain  a) Perkin's reaction   b)Cannizzaro's reaction----2M

5.Explain the mechanism of Cannizzaro's reaction ----3M

6. How is acetic acid manufactured from methyl magnesium iodide ?---2M

7. Explain how the relative strength of acetic acid, chloro acetic acid, di & tri chloro acetic acids.--2M

XIX.AMINES: (3M)

1. How is acetamide converted in to methanamine?--2M

2. what is the action of acetyl chloride on ethanamine?---2M

3. Write a note on relative basicity of ammonia , methyl ammine, ethyl ammine & aniline----3M

XX.CARBOHYDRATES: (3M)

1. What are  a) monosaccharides  b)oligo saccharides  c) poly saccharides—1M

2. Write the Howarths structure of  a) a- D- glucose b)  ß- D- Glucose c)a- D-fructopyranose                    d)   ß- D-fructopyranose  f)a- D-fructofuranose g)   ß- D-fructofuranose  h)sucrose  i)maltose---2M

XXI.OILS & FATS:  (3M)

1. Write the general formula of tri glycerides ---2M

2.what is saponification ? Give an example.2M

3.what is rancidity? How it is prevented?---2M

4. How is oils are refined?---2M

5.what are drying oils ? Give an example.

6. what is iodine value?---1M

XXII.AMINO ACIDS & PROTEINS: (3M)

1. What is   a)a zwitter ion     b) iso- electric point? ---1M

2. what is a tri peptide ?how many amino acid molecules & peptide bonds are present in a tri peptide?---2M  

QUESTIONS ON PRACTICAL PART FOR TEN MARKS     (very ,. Imp.)

1. How is m-dinitro benzene prepared from nitro benzene?---3M

2. How is p- bromoacetanilide prepared from acetanilide?---3M

3. Explain   a) Molisch test   b) Benedicts test  c)Seliwanoff's test   d)Acrolin test e)Biuret test  f)xanthoprotic acid test  g)Millon test---2M

4. Estimate the mass of KMnO₄  present in one litre  of given solution using standard oxalic acid solution . ----5M

5.Estimate the mass of KMnO₄  present in one litre  of given solution using standard ferrous ammonium sulphate  solution . ----5M

6. Estimate the mass of    ferrous ammonium sulphate  solution present in one litre  of given solution using standard K₂Cr₂O₇  solution . ----5M